Hello my name is Qasim ali. Today I'm going to be talking about the skeletal system. This contains the different bones and different type of bones that are in the human body.
Functions of the skeletal system
- support : keeps your body up straight, your vertebrae mainly holds the structure of your body.
- blood cell production : The skeletal sytem stores two main blood cells are red: which stores oxygen / while blood cells : prevents infections around the body
- protection : The pelvis is in a curved shape , by this it protects the urinal bladder. our cranium protects out brain from knocks and everyday activities
- shape : gives shape to your body and keeps your body at a certain shape
- Movement - The skeletal system main purpose is movement. Your muscles are attached to your bones by tendons which help you move effectively.
Diagram of the major bones Structure and functions of the skeletal system
cancellous bone - cancellous bone is a compacted spongy tissue (trabeculae) of mature adult bones.This is usually found in your spine and also found in your long bones e.g. thigh bone.
compact bone - The compact bone is a very dense bone in which it is filled with organic ground substances and inorganic salts.This leaves tiny spaces (lacunae ) that is contains the oesteocytes , or bones cells .
5 types of bones
- seasamoid : The main seasamoid bone is the patella which is found in your knee between tendons. These bones have a thick layer of compact bone to protect both the bones and the tendons . The patella bone in the knee is an example of this type of bone..
- flat : A flat bone is literally a flat bone. The main job for a flat bone is to protect. for example the cranium is a flat bone which protects the brain , Your rib cage protects your vital organs in the axial area of our body.
- long : long bones are some of the longest bones in the body , such as tibla , humerus and femur. and they're some small ones for example metacarpals ,metatarsals and phalanges.
- short : short bones are known for being as wide as they are long. Due to this it gives support and stability with a little amount of movement.
- irregular : irregular bones don't fall into any of the above categories , due to their non uniform shape . e.g. sacrum , mandible and vertebrae.
P2
Name 3 types of joints:
- slightly movement joints : Slightly moveable joints have a a foam bed of cartilage which the bones rest on As the name suggests these joints are slightly moveable , with ligaments or cartilage stopping them from going over the restricted movement. An example of this joint would be found in the spine .every bit of the vertebrae from the clavicle to the coccyx are connected by ligaments and cartilage. This allows Ronaldo to have the slight movement when kicking the ball when he turns his body.
- fixed joints : a fixed joint is held together by tough fibrous straps. They do not allow any sort of movement .The main example of this is cranium due to it being a flat bone.
- synovial joints : this is split into 6 different categories ( hinge joint , ball and socket joint , saddle joint , condyloid joint , gliding joint , pivot joint )
Name 6 types of synovial joints :
- Hinge joint - is located in the knee and elbow area . restricted movements only forward ad back wards ( kicking a ball )
- pivot joint - located
- ball and socket`- located in the hip , and shoulder . joint allowed to move 360 degrees ( bowling a cricket ball)
- saddle joint located in your carpals . a restricted range of movement
- condyloid joint : located in your metacarpals. allowed to move 360 degrees ( table tennis, tennis )
- gliding joint
My image
my image conveys a famous footballer called Cristiano ronaldo kicking a ball. I have chosen the two different joint that have a big impact in this range of movement .The two movements will have a big impact in this movement:
Hinge joint
The hinge joint is found in your knee joint and your elbow joint. This is a restricted joint which only allows you to move back and forth As Ronaldo kicks the ball in this image he launches his leg back, the movement used is called flexion.when he moves his leg backwards synovial fluid is being produced so this will give him a smoother range of movement.As his foot penetrates towards the ball ,he is using the movement extension to extend and kick the ball. His hamstrings , gluteus Maximus and quads must be strong enough to get a lot of power to eject the ball
Ball & Socket
The hip uses the ball and socket joint. This had a wider range of movement which can be up to 360 degrees. ball and socket joint can carry out (flexion , extension , abduction and adduction ) when Ronaldo kicks the ball his hips lean towards the left which gives him more stability on his left side when kicking the ball.when Ronaldo follows through with the ball he ends with his hips at a 90 degrees angle from the ball
Ligaments -This is found on the outside of the joint, and are used to strap the meeting bones into place, giving the joint some stability.
A synovial membrane - This is a soft tissue that sits within the joint capsule. Its role is to produce and discharge synovial fluid
A joint capsule - This is a dense fibrous connective tissue that seals the joint. It also aids in joint stability.
Synovial fluid - This is a liquid that can be found inside the cavity of the joint.its job is to lubricate the bones which cause less friction.
Bursae - These are cushions of fluid that can be found within the the joint. They are situated to provide extra lubrication to the joint
Articular cartilage - is a smooth white tissue that is found t the end of bones which come together to form a joint (connects )
Fixaters - A fixter literally holds the bone still that the agonist is attached to.
synagists is counteract an unwanted movement in the agonist
what does agonist and antagonist mean ?
The difference between agonist and antagonist is agonist works with the muscle and antagonist works against the muscles contraction. For example if you're doing a dumbbell curl your bicep would be the agonist and your triceps' would be the antagonist , but when slowly going down to the starting position your triceps would be the agonist and your bicep would be the antagonist
The acute and chronic responses of the skeletal system to exercise
chronic
Increased bone density – when training or doing a form of exercise our bones are put under a lot of stress.This will produce cells called osteoblast in our body,These cells allow our bones to get stronger each time.An example is if a an athlete like a footballer. They train reguraluary so they will produce a lot of these cells which give them stronger bones compared to someone who doesn't do exercise at all
stronger ligaments - Every time we take part in exercise we strengthen our ligaments.when your muscles contract during exercise you thicken and make your ligaments even stronger.This would benefit a footballer by reducing the risk of injury whereas if you don’t have strong ligaments you are likely to pick up an injury.
Acute
Increased joint movement
When
we take part in exercise we increase the production of synovial fluid: This
substance is produced in the bones which is a lubricate for the bones to stop
friction.This is benificial for a football player because they would need
smooth efficient movement .This links to a football player warming up by
jogging and doing stretches. If he / she doesn't do stretches or a warm up the
player would risk injury or feel very stiff during and after the game.
skeletal acute is the increase of synovial fluid . skeletal acute happens because when
we do a lot of moving synovial fluid is being produced to lubricate our joints to decrease friction between 2 opposing bones. it depends on your lifestyle and age in which this is produced. A old man that doesn't keep active will have less synovial fluid compared to a younger person Therefore the old person would have stiff bones and find it painful and hard to move around.
No comments:
Post a Comment